Essay on All Kinds Of Love by Carolyn Jaffe and Carol H....

Throughout the course of our lives we will experience the deterioration of a loved one due to illness or aging. This may cause us to make a choice of how and where we choose our loved one to die. Authors, Carolyn Jaffe and Carol H. Ehrlich, in their book All Kinds of Love, illustrate how the relationships between doctors, patients, family, friends, hospice volunteers, and hospice nurses all play an important role during he patients last days as they try to reach a good death. In the books foreword, Rabbi Earl A. Grollman comments on Jaffes history of nursing experience and states Her stories bring alive the concerns, the surprises, the victories, the disappointments, the mistakes, the uncertainties, the joys, and the pain that are†¦show more content†¦In Appendix A, hospices evolution towards better care is expressed along with Jaffe and Ehrlichs personal views on how Hospice can be improved. Appendix B provides home remedies for many common symptoms of illnesses which can b e used in practical situations. A listing of compassion groups and other support contacts are in Appendix C. Throughout the book, we learn that religion, values, needs and personal experiences all contribute to the type of care an individual receives. A flexible and unbiased attitude is needed in order for the caregivers methods to be effective.Jaffe and Ehrlichs purpose in writing this book is to provide people with a holistic understanding of hospice care by highlighting the many factors of hospice care, such as: pain control, nursing support, Medicare, availability of hospice programs, curriculum of medical students, sensitivity to religious beliefs, as well as the details of each area. Through their stories, they provide examples of the above areas to help the reader understand the benefits of Hospice care.This paper will provide an outline of the main points in the preface, introduction, and each of the nine chapters and appendix A; excluding the foreword, Appendix B, and Appendix C.PREFACEByock explains the power to change public and professional attitudes lies within the stories of peoples experiences in dying (1, p. viii). This solidifies the purpose ofShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organization al Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

201 Principles of Communication in Adult Social Care Settings

201 Principles of communication in adult social care settings 1.1 Expressing ourselves in the form of communication is a tool we use to portray our needs and feelings to others. Communication can be used in the health and social care setting to build a trusting relationship with a client or patient and to show emotion. We also communicate to provide information, seek information and persuade others. 1.2 Effective communication in the adult social care setting is a necessary tool and used on a daily basis to converse with patients, their families and members of staff. This ensures good team work and care for individuals and effective time management. Using good communication is very effective for building a strong relationship with†¦show more content†¦It is important to make sure your message is understood correctly by receiving feedback. Being aware of barriers of communication can help overcome and avoid them. Barriers of communication †¢ Use of jargon (Over complicating what your saying or using unfamiliar words) †¢ Emotional barriers and taboos (Difficulty expressing emotion or off-limit subjects) †¢ Difference in perception and viewpoint †¢ Lack of attention or interest †¢ Physical disabilities (Hearing or speech problems) †¢ Physical barriers to non verbal communication (Unable to register body language or gestures) †¢ Language differences (Unfamiliar language or accent) †¢ Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping (jumping to incorrect conclusions because they are hearing what they want to hear) †¢ Cultural differences 3.2 Reducing barriers to effective communication means we must change or adapt our method to suit the needs of an individual. Once the barrier can be identified we can work out how best to manage it. 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Assessment Criteria 1.1 - Identify different reasons why people communicate Within the adult social care setting communication is used to convey information, this could be with the client about what they want to wear or eat, relatives and friends of the client who might want to know if any food products need replenishing or if there has beenRead MoreL2- Hsc Technical Certificate Unit Worksheet997 Words   |  4 PagesTechnical Certificate unit worksheet Unit 201 – Principles of communication in adult social care settings The numbers in the bracket after each question relate to the assessment criteria in the standards UNIT 4222-201 1. Identify different reasons why people communicate (1.1.1) Communication is a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, or impressions in ways that gains common understanding of messages. 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Psychology Breast Cancer

Question: Discuss about thePsychology forBreast Cancer. Answer: Introduction The paper deals with the case study of Mary who is diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. In this stage breast cancer, this has not spread beyond the axillary lymph nodes (Lyman et al., 2014). In refference to the case study, the paper presents the emotional, cognitive, and behavioural responses that Mary is likely to experience in relation to this diagnosis. In relation to the illness, the potential risks and the protective factors relevant to Marys situation is also discussed. Discussion The emotional responses of Mary in relation to distress include fear of severe symptoms such as pain, trouble sleeping, and fatigue. She is under severe shock about the future consequences. Further, she is concerned about her body image disruption, unable to breastfeed her babies, sexual dysfunction. She is worried with intrusive thoughts about the disease. Since, Mary has no support from her husband who is deployed for over 12 months, she is highly vulnerable to chronic depression (Park Rosenstein, 2015). She communicates with her parents on a regular basis. She has not seen them physically after the birth of her twin boys. Due to lack of emotional and moral support from her loved ones, she has persistent anxiety. This is the risk factor for worsening of her condition (Fernandes-Taylor et al., 2014). Due to lack of marital communication, Mary is overwhelmed with concerns regarding the inability to control adverse situation. In addition, Mary has poor social connectedness as lives i n housing provided through the defence force for the families of service men. She has no family living nearby. There is a risk of increasing uncertainty about the future. Further, emotional concerns include the risk of financial burden and other socio-economic factors (Berman et al., 2014). The common behavioural concerns of Mary in response to the diagnosis are disturbances in sleep, energy, mood, and cognition. As it is seen that Mary has several psychosocial concerns, there is a risk that she may lack positive behavioural response towards her illness (Manne et al., 2014). Due to lack of care and compassion in her life, Mary is at risk of not being able to cope up with her disease symptoms. She is at risk of overtly critical behaviour. According to Berman et al., (2014) coping strategies that are based on the realistic expectation are found to be effective in adapting to the illness over time. However, for Mary there is a risk of poor coping behaviour also known as behavioural disengagement due to lack of realistic expectations (Stanton Bower, 2015). Her behaviour towards screening, adherence to medication and treatment of the cancer may be affected if the psychosocial needs are unmet. It in turn increases the risk of having poor quality of life and mental well-being . Considering the case study of Mary, it can be interpreted that she may have maladaptive cognitive processing. Cognitive processing refers to realising and accepting the illness as a reason to reconsider the priorities. The rationale for this interpretation is the unsupportive behaviour of her partner. Her husband fails to be present at time of her delivery. Therefore, she may experience non-sharing of her concerns and daily events. It increases the risk of holding back the sharing of her concerns and mental disengagement (Jung et al., 2016). Cognitive processing may be effected due to risk of fatigue, insomnia, depression and cognitive disturbance (National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre, 2009). It may also affect her mental resilience, childcare responsibilities, activities of daily living and performances (Wu et al., 2013). Mary has several protective factors relevant to her situation. She can accept the global meaning to her illness that is everything happens for a reason. It may help her reconsider her priorities and reduce intrusive thoughts (Stanton Bower, 2015). She is at young age and is at early stage. Mary can call her parents to stay with her. It may help her meet her needs of compassion and care. It will consequently assist Mary in coping mechanism. Counselling session can help her in developing mental resilience (Hooper, 2009). According to Pinto?Gouveia et al., (2014) psychopathological symptoms related to depression and stress can be decreased by increasing self-compassion. Self-compassionate attributes are beneficial in improving the psychological adjustment. Engaging in physical activity such as exercises and yoga, mindfulness based activities. Improving health literacy can help cope with the illness by participating in health promoting behaviour (Nyrop et al., 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, Mary may have detrimental effects due to unsupportive behaviour of her partner. However, there are protective factors, which may help her overcome her potential risks related to her illness. Healthy control on disease can be achieved by active participation in treatment and self-care activities. However, identifying and addressing the relevant risk factors by means of psycho-social interventions can help prevent advanced stage of illness. References Berman, M. G., Askren, M. K., Jung, M., Therrien, B., Peltier, S., Noll, D. C., . . . Cimprich, B. (2014;2013;). Pretreatment worry and neurocognitive responses in women with breast cancer.Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association,33(3), 222-231. doi:10.1037/a0033425 Fernandes-Taylor, S., Adesoye, T., Bloom, J. R. (2015). Managing psychosocial issues faced by young women with breast cancer at the time of diagnosis and during active treatment.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care,9(3), 279-284. Hooper, L. M. (2009). Individual and family resilience: definitions, research, and frameworks relevant for all counselors. The Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 35(1), 1926. (Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ875400.pdf) Jung, M. S., Zhang, M., Askren, M. K., Berman, M. G., Peltier, S., Hayes, D. F., ... Cimprich, B. (2016). Cognitive dysfunction and symptom burden in women treated for breast cancer: a prospective behavioral and fMRI analysis.Brain imaging and behavior, 1-12. Lyman, G. H., Somerfield, M. R., Bosserman, L. D., Perkins, C. L., Weaver, D. L., Giuliano, A. E. (2017). Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early-stage breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology clinical practice guideline update.Journal of Clinical Oncology,35(5), 561-564. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0947 Manne, S., Kashy, D. A., Siegel, S., Myers Virtue, S., Heckman, C., Ryan, D. (2014). Unsupportive partner behaviors, social-cognitive processing, and psychological outcomes in couples coping with early stage breast cancer.Journal of Family Psychology,28(2), 214. National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre. (2009). Breast cancer risk factors: a review of the evidence. Retrieved from https://canceraustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/publications/breast-cancer-risk-factors-review-evidence/pdf/rfrw-breast-cancer-risk-factors-a-review-of-the-evidence_1.15.pdf Nyrop, K. A., Deal, A. M., Williams, G. R., Guerard, E. J., Pergolotti, M., Muss, H. B. (2016). Physical activity communication between oncology providers and patients with early?stage breast, colon, or prostate cancer.Cancer,122(3), 470-476. Park, E. M., Rosenstein, D. L. (2015). Depression in adolescents and young adults with cancer. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(2), 171180. (Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4518700/). Pinto?Gouveia, J., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Frguas, S. (2014). The protective role of self?compassion in relation to psychopathology symptoms and quality of life in chronic and in cancer patients.Clinical psychology psychotherapy,21(4), 311-323. Stanton, A. L., Bower, J. E. (2015). Psychological adjustment in breast cancer survivors. InImproving Outcomes for Breast Cancer Survivors(pp. 231-242). Springer International Publishing. Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J. J., Calderon, S., Charney, D. S., Math, A. A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Introduction The term ‘narcissistic’ originated from the story of a man named Narcissus who was obsessed with his own reflection in water. He could not tear himself from the reflection. He ended up dying of languor (Akhtar Thomson, 1982). This personality disorder is common in the western culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Narcissistic Personality Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More About 1per cent of the general population is estimated to be suffering from this condition. However, the clinical diagnosis of people who have exhibited significant narcissistic traits ranges from 2-16 per cent (Sperry, 2003). It is estimated that 75 per cent of narcissistic patients are men. This condition also goes hand in hand with substance abuse, reckless behavior that are impulsive, and other mental health disorders. It has caused a lot of friction in the society. Pain and distress has also been experie nced by the affected individuals and the people around them (Vaknin Rangelovska, 2003). This paper will discuss the narcissistic personality disorder and how it can be treated. The paper will further discuss the cultural and historical relevance of this subject, and how its knowledge benefits the society. Definition Narcissistic personality is a psychological disorder whereby individuals have a sense of self worth. The victims want other people to admire and acknowledge them. They disregard the feelings of other people. Also, they are only interested in what makes them superior to those around them. This affects the rest of the community. It makes people avoid the victims as they are regarded as social misfits. The affected people demand to be acknowledged and respected by others while their capacity to acknowledge others is limited. They exaggerate their achievements and success to ensure that they are recognized as superior. This gives them a feeling of self importance and achiev ement. They not only demand this recognition, but also work hard to achieve it. This desire to achieve gives them an obsession to fantasies like fame, fearless power, physical beauty, all-conquering love and even the desire to be everlasting (Vaknin Rangelovska, 2003). Diagnostic Criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder Clinical diagnoses have identified traits and characteristics that are associated with Narcissisms. For these people, their personality is defined by what other people think of them. If other people do not acknowledge of their potentials and capabilities, then they feel that they have to impress to gain admiration.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is what makes them engage in outrageous activities oblivious of the outcomes. They do not care about what may befall them for their actions or the pain that they may inflict on other people. This attitude earns th em social condemnation, and they often have to endure sanctions. This explains the disproportional response that they give to simple situations that do not make them insignificant in the society. These actions are compelled by the desire to fulfill their narcissistic psyche (Vaknin Rangelovska, 2003). Secondly, these people live in a world that is full or has nothing. For every discussion that they hold, they either reaffirm their existence or doubt their potential. To them, their daily activities and the way people respond to their arguments measures their position in society. If people do not regard them as superior, they feel inadequate and do everything in their power to warrant recognition. The narcissist will never take chances of self cohesion to take criticism positively. The victim would rather face the consequences of proving his or her point even if it means risking the lives of others. He or she makes a point of refraining people from criticizing or expressing disapprov al by going into threatening fits of temper and rage. Through these reactions, the individual manages to stop other people from provoking him to temper. The individual believes that his or her reaction is justified and the people who dare to criticize the actions should be punished (Roddingstam, 2005). Thirdly, narcissists are convinced that they are unique and special. Therefore, they belong to the high social class and prefer being associated with high-status individuals. They believe that individuals of high social status can understand them, treat them well, and have the ability to challenge them (although they will never approve of it) (Ronningstam, 2005). The narcissistic supply sought is normally positive, but on other occasions, it can also be negative. Such negative aspects include installing fear, being notorious, or even infamy. These are used to regulate the sense of self wealth as it is derived from other people (Vatkinin, 2003). They are either cerebral whereby they ga in their self worth from their intelligence or academic prowess. Others are somatic in that their recognition is obtained from their physique, talents such as sports, and their ability to lure others to do what they command them to do. Excelling in their fields of interest is a positive attribute. However, seeking to ensure that all people acknowledge them is not right. This may result to unnecessary conflicts even in cases where families and work is involved (Roddingstam, 2005). Another characteristic is that of being interpersonally exploitive. They take advantage of other individuals while aspiring to achieve their goals. More often than not, this results to the infliction of pain and lack of empathy. This makes victims unable to recognize other people’s feelings and their needs. They are envious and often feel that others envy them too (Ronningstam, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Narcissistic Personality Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These behaviors define them as people who are full of arrogance, haughty, and have a negative attitude towards life and the community as a whole. This creates unhealthy competition that results to hatred and discrimination. This disturbs the peace that should exist among the society members. The individualistic nature of narcissists does not enable the victims to work in teams. This is because they regard teams with disdain and contempt (Perry, 2003). Environmental factors have been associated with narcissism. Parents have been identified as a source of this disorder in cases where they pamper their children to make them believe that the world revolves around them. The children grow up while expecting the same treatment from the rest of the society, but this may not be the case. This forces them to demand and exploit others to give them the special consideration that they expect. Therefore, proper parental guidelines should be pr ovided to ensure that children blend with other society members in future (Perry, 2003). Treatment Narcissistic personality disorder is a psychological problem that is treated through talk therapy. The prognosis of this condition is poor, especially among the adults. It takes quite a long duration before patients can adapt to life and interact with other people normally. However, the situation improves with treatment. Together with talk therapy, medication can also be used in cases where side effects are experienced. For example, changes in mood and compulsive activities can be stabilized through medication (Perry, 2003). This involves guiding people on the regulation of self esteem from advancing into unrealistic self-inflation (Roddingstam, 2005). The cognitive therapy treatment is an efficient way of eliminating this condition. It focuses on the modification of behavior. This helps patients enhance the empathy that they extend towards others. Controlling and diverting their atten tion from themselves to appreciate what others do and other behavioral traits that can easily be adopted. This promotes the patients compliance with the instructions given by the therapists. It alters the dysfunctional thoughts that dominate the minds of narcissists. When the narcissists realize that their true self is not depicted by what others think of them, the healing process begins; with time, they can change their attitude (Sperry, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The narcissistic personality disorder has been a major cause of friction in families and work places. It has even resulted to separation of families, tense working environments, or even murder in cases where narcissists cannot control their temper. The desire to be acknowledged and treated as a superior has seen these individuals go to extreme measures of achieving this. Recognizing this disorder during the early stages of life is beneficial because the patient can be treated with talk therapy. Engaging victims in this therapy help them recognize their weaknesses and control them. Many cases have gone unnoticed until a victim does a disgraceful act such as murder. If this condition is identified and monitored, the well-being of the society will also be addressed. Narcissists are not easily recognizable, but interacting with them eventually brings out who they are. In corporations, they depict themselves as bullies; however, in politics, they depict conviction. If identifi ed, they should be assisted through treatment to ensure that their condition does not advance to an uncontrollable stage. References Akhtar, S. Thomson, A. (1982). Overview: Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 139(1): 12-20. Ronningstam, E. F. (2005). Identifying and understanding the narcissistic personality. New York: Oxford University press. Sperry, L. (2003). Handbook of Diagnosis and Treatment of Dsm-lv-Tr Personality disorders. New York: Routledge. Vaknin, S. Rangelovska, L. (2003). Malignant self love: Narcissism revisited. Prague: Narcissus Publications. This essay on Narcissistic Personality Disorder was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Viking Social Structure - Living in a Norse World

Viking Social Structure - Living in a Norse World Viking social structure was highly stratified, with three ranks or classes which were written directly into Scandinavian mythology, as slaves (called thrall in Old Norse), farmers or peasants (karl), and the aristocracy (jarl or earl). Mobility was theoretically possible across the three strata- but in general, slaves were an exchange commodity, traded with the Arab caliphate as early as the 8th century CE, along with furs and swords, and to leave slavery was rare indeed.   That social structure was the result of several changes within Scandinavian society during the Viking age. Key Takeaways: Viking Social Structure The Vikings in and outside of Scandinavia had a three-tier social structure of slaves, peasants, and elites, established and confirmed by their origin myth.The earliest rulers were military warlords called drotten, who were selected from warriors based on merit, only in power during wartime, and subject to assassination if they gained too much power.  Peacetime kings were selected from the elite class and they traveled throughout the region and met people in halls built in part for that purpose. Most provinces were largely autonomous of the kings, and the kings were also subject to regicide. Pre-Viking Social Structure According to archaeologist T.L. Thurston, Viking social structure had its origins with the warlords, called drott, which had become established figures in Scandinavian society by the late 2nd century. The drott was primarily a social institution, resulting in a pattern of behavior in which warriors selected the most adept leader and pledged fealty to him. The drott was an ascribed (earned) title of respect, not an inherited one; and these roles were separate from the regional chieftains or petty kings. They had limited powers during peacetime. Other members of the drotts retinue included: drang or dreng- a young warrior (plural droengiar)  thegn- a mature warrior (plural thegnar)  skeppare- captain of a chiefly vesselhimthiki- housekarls or the lowest rank of elite soldiersfolc- the population of a settlement Viking Warlords to Kings Power struggles among Scandinavian warlords and petty kings developed in the early 9th-century and these conflicts resulted in the creation of dynastic regional kings and a secondary elite class which competed directly with the drotts. By the 11th century, Late Viking societies were led by powerful, aristocratic dynastic leaders with hierarchical networks including lesser religious and secular leaders. The title given to such a leader was that of respect rather: old kings were frea, meaning respected and wise; younger ones were drotten, vigorous and warlike. If an overlord became too permanent or ambitious, he could be assassinated, a pattern of regicide which continued in Viking society for a long time.   An early important Scandinavian warlord was the Danish Godfred (also spelled Gottrick or Gudfred), who by 800 CE had a capital at Hedeby, inherited his status from his father and an army set to attack his neighbors. Godfred, probably overlord over the federated south Scandinavia, faced a powerful enemy, the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne. But a year after victory over the Franks, Godfred was assassinated by his own son and other relations in 811. Viking Kings Most Viking kings were, like warlords, chosen based on merit from the earl class. The kings, sometimes called chieftains, were primarily itinerant political leaders, who never had any permanent role over the whole realm. The provinces were almost entirely autonomous, at least until the reign of Gustav Vasa (Gustav I of Sweden) in the 1550s.   Each community had a hall where political, legal and perhaps religious matters were dealt with, and banquets were held. The leader met his people in the halls, established or reestablished bonds of friendship, his people swore oaths of allegiance and gave the leader gifts, and proposals of marriage were made and settled. He may have held a high priest role in cultic rituals.   Norse Halls Archaeological evidence concerning the roles of jarl, karl, and thrall is limited, but medieval historian Stefan Brink suggests that separate halls were constructed for the use of the different social classes. There was the house of the thrall, the banqueting hall of the peasant, and the banqueting hall of the nobleman.   Brink notes that in addition to being places where the itinerant king held court, halls were used for trade, legal, and cultic purposes. Some were used to house specialized craftsman in high-quality forging and skilled handicrafts or to present cult performances, attendance by specific warriors and housecarls, etc.   Archaeological Halls The foundations of large rectangular buildings interpreted as halls have been identified in numerous sites through Scandinavia and into the Norse diaspora. Banqueting halls ranged between 160–180 feet (50–85 meters) long, and 30–50 ft (9–15 m).  Ã‚  Some examples are: Gudme on Fyn, Denmark, dated to 200–300 CE, 47x10 m, with ceiling beams 80 cm in width and equipped with a double doorway, located east of the Gudme hamlet.  Lejre on Zealand, Denmark, 48x11, thought to represent a guild hall; Lejre was the seat of Viking age kings of ZealandGamla Uppsala in Uppland, central Sweden, 60 m long built on a man-made platform of clay, dated to the Vendel period CE 600–800, located near a medieval royal estateBorg on Vetvagoy, Lofoten in northern Norway, 85x15 m with cultic thin gold plates and imports of Carolingian glass. Its foundations built over an older, slightly smaller (55x8 m) hall dated to the Migration Period 400–600Hogom in Medelpad, 40x7–5 m, includes a high seat in the house, an elevated base in the middle of the building, thought to have had several purposes, high seat, banqueting hall room and assembly hall   Mythic Origins of Classes According to the Rigspula, a mythic-ethnologic poem collected by Saemund Sigfusson at the end of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century CE, Heimdal, the sun god sometimes called Rigr, created the social classes at the beginning of time, when the earth was lightly populated. In the tale, Rigr visits three houses and engenders the three classes in order.   Rigr first visits Ai (Great Grandfather) and Edda (Great Grandmother) who live in a hut and feed him husk-filled bread and broth. After his visit, the child Thrall is born. The children and grandchildren of Thrall are described as having black hair and an unsightly countenance, thick ankles, coarse fingers, and of being a low and deformed stature. Historian Hilda Radzin believes this is a direct reference to the Lapps, who were reduced to a state of vassalage by their Scandinavian conquerors. Next, Rigr visits Afi (Grandfather) and Amma (Grandmother), who live in a well-built house where the Afi is making a loom and his wife is spinning. They feed him stewed calf and good food, and their child is called Karl (freeman). Karls offspring have red hair and florid complexions.   Finally, Rigr visits Fadir (Father) and Modir (Mother) living in a mansion, where he is served roast pork and game birds in silver dishes. Their child is Jarl (Noble). The nobles children and grandchildren have blond hair, bright cheeks, and eyes as fierce as a young serpent. Sources Brink, Stefan. Political and Social Structures in Early Scandinavia: A Settlement-Historical Pre-Study of the Central Place. TOR 28 (1996): 235–82. Print.Cormack, W. F. Drengs and Drings. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. Eds. Williams, James and W. F. Cormack, 2000. 61–68. Print.Lund, Niels. Scandinavia, c. 700–1066. The New Cambridge Medieval History c.700–c.900. Ed. McKitterick, Rosamond. Vol. 2. The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 202–27. Print.Radzin, Hilda. Names in the Mythological Lay Rigspula. Literary Onomastics Studies 9.14 (1982). Print.Thurston, Tina L. Social Classes in the Viking Age: Contentious Relations. C. Ed. Thurston, Tina L. Fundamental Issues in Archaeology. London: Springer, 2001. 113–30. Print.

Whats Considered a Bad SAT Score Avoid This

What's Considered a Bad SAT Score Avoid This SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many students worry that a bad SAT score will be the kiss of death for their college applications. The SAT is an important part of the admissions process, so you obviously don’t want to submit a crummy score - but how do you know whether your score is all that bad to begin with? If you're worried about low scores, understanding where your scores stand in relation to other students’ is the first step to improvement. In this post, I’ll talk about comparing your own scores to those of the general population, your peer group, your target schools, and even your own potential scores. I'll finish off with strategies to bring up scores no matter your goals or study timeline. With this information, you'll be well-prepared to make necessary steps in improving your SAT scores. A Note on Percentiles Before we get started, I want to take a minute to explain percentiles, which arean important concept to grasp when we talk about comparing your SAT scores to different groups, whether they're big or small. Percentile scores are not the same as percentage scores (for example, a number out of 100 that tells you the fraction of correct answers you gave on a test). Percentile scorestell you how you do in relation to other people, which is really helpful when you’re dealing with a scoring system that isn’t necessarily intuitive. For example: A 10th percentile score means that you scored higher than 10% of the people who took the same exam 50th percentile means you scored higher than half 90th percentile means you scored higher than 90% of test-takers. You can have a high percentage score on a test and still end up with a low percentile score (if the test was easy), or a low percentage score and a higher percentile score (if the test was hard). For example, if you score a 90% on an exam where only 10% of students scored below a 90%, you'd be in the 10th percentile. This information is important because your actual SAT scores are only useful when you cantranslate them to percentile scores. When we talk about good or bad scores, we're inevitably comparing your test scores to those of other people or groups. Now that you know all about percentiles, we can get into the nitty-gritty stuff: what is a bad SAT score? Low Scores Compared to the US General Population We're starting big here - to get a basicunderstanding of low SAT scores, we'll look at how the general population performs on their tests. Your definition of low or poor scores might differ from other students - a reasonable cutoff for low scores, for simplicity’s sake, would be at the 25th percentile (so, the bottom quarter of scorers). As you may already know, the SAT is currently scored out of 1600points (the lowest you can score is 400).The average composite SAT score is around 1000, which is about the 50th percentile. Because the scoring system has recently changed, we don't have a lot of information about typical So that you can get a better understanding of general performance, here are some other important percentile cutoffs and their corresponding composite scores: 25th percentile→about 840 composite score 50th percentile→about 1000 composite score 75th percentile→about 1200 composite score If you'd like more detailed information about SAT percentiles, check out our score rankings guide. Low Scores Compared to Your Peers I don't usually recommend comparing yourself to peers;in this case, it's unfortunately necessary. Now that you know how you may compare to the rest of the country, the next step in figuring out what a low score is would be to figure out what your peers are scoring. Although college admissions officers often view SAT scores as a decent measure of academic preparation, they recognize that many other factors - including family income, social privileges, and educational advantages - play into students' scores as well. Thus, you'll be most likely compared to students who are similar to you in terms of school type, geographical area, background, interests, and grades. The better a handle you have on your peers' scores, the more nuanced your understanding of what a low score will be. Getting ahold of this information will be a bit more sensitive than just looking up average national SAT scores. Even if you can't get information right from your classmates, there are steps you can take to get a good estimate of peers' SAT score ranges: Get your school report with SAT score information. This report will have aggregated scores from students from your high school. How does the high school average compare to the national average? How do your scores (real or target) compare to those of your peers? See your guidance counselor. If you don't have access to your school report, or you're having trouble interpreting the information, your guidance counselor should be able to give you an idea of how your peers perform on the SAT. Ask around. If you're still having trouble getting information on peer scores, you could try asking your classmates. This will beespecially helpful if you can get info from honors students - their scores will generally be more competitive. SAT scores can bea touchy topic, however,so be sensitive and respectful if you discuss this information with your classmates. Use a rough rule of thumb. When lacking good information about peers' performance, you could use these (general) rules of thumb. Just keep in mind that these may deviate from your own school's averages depending on average performance (i.e. whether SAT scores at your school are above or below the national averages): Low composite scores for honors students (top 1/3rd of the class) will be around 1117, or 70th percentile nationally Low composite scores for top honors students (top 1/10th of the class) will be around 1256, or 85th percentile nationally Low Scores for Your Target Colleges Knowing how your scores compare to your peers may help you hone in on appropriate target, reach, and safety schools. How do you figure out what these schools will think of your SAT scores? What's the low score cutoff that will put your application in danger? Put simply; a low score is a score that will get you rejected.Schools don’t really publish hard minimum SAT requirements, but it’s east to get a general idea of what SAT scores they expect from applicants. In general, the bottom 25% of scores for a particular school is the danger zone. You can still get into a school if your score falls below the 25th percentile, but the chances are that your application will have to be exceptionally strong in other areas (e.g. GPA, extracurriculars). The "middle 50" percent of scores is a pretty safe range to aim for. If all students' scores were lined up in order, the middle 50 would be the range of scores from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile. Your SAT scores don't necessarily need to be at the top of this range to get into a particular school, because by definition, 75% of its students have scores lower than those at the 75th percentile. If you want more information about SAT score ranges for particular schools, just google"[school name] PrepScholar admissions requirements." You can easily convert old SAT scores (out of 2400) to the new scoring system by multiplying by 2/3. What do you do, though, if your scores consistently fall in the bottom 25% of score ranges for the schools you're considering? Although it'simportant to have reach schools, it would be wise to apply to some less competitive schools as well. Apply to several schools where you fall into the "middle 50" score range in addition to a few safety schools to optimize admissions options. Low Scores for Yourself This isn't a comparison that many students consider when setting their own goal scores. There's so much focus on outward comparison that sometimes we forget to consider our own capabilities when thinking about low or high scores. It's important to be realistic about your own strengths and weaknesses when setting low score and high score parameters. If you set your score goal too high, you'll cause yourself unnecessary stress and frustration; set it too low, and you could miss out on opportunities at more competitive schools. How do you get an idea of what's reasonable? Your first step is to get a baseline score. Study for about 10 hours to gain basic familiarity with the SAT before taking a full practice test. Your score will give you a concrete place to work from. Keep in mind that many students, with adequate test prep, can improve 240+ points from this original baseline. This important initial step should help you understand what to expect from yourself when it comes to good and bad scores. If you’re not improving much after your baseline, then you know that the way you’re studying isn’t working. You may consider your baseline score to be within your low score range since you achieved it with minimal study time. To learn more about how to set appropriate SAT goal scores, read our guide to good and bad SAT scores. Don't get discouraged if you have low scores - that just means you have room to grow! How Do You Raise a Low SAT Score? If you've gone through all the steps of comparison and you find yourself disappointed with your scores, not to worry! There are things you can do to bring up those scores, but your plan of attack will vary based on your goal score and your study time availability. So what's your goal score? If your scores are already pretty high, and you want to get them as close to perfect as possible, read our guide to scoring a 1600. If your scores are in the lower end of the range, and you want to bring them up across the board, check out our posts on bringing up your reading, writing, and math scores. How much time do you have to study? If you have quite a bit of time on your hands, read more about setting a study timeline. You can also dive deeper into our blog sections dedicated to the reading, writing, and math sections. If youaretaking the SAT relatively soon, check out our last-minute study tips and strategies. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. 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Personl Wealth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personl Wealth - Essay Example > Creating personal wealth is not necessarily a complex process if one establishes the primary objectives like future personal commitments and desired retirement benefits. Thereafter, it is important to identify suitable financial vehicles that align current and future market factors with the expected outcomes besides evaluating the risk accompanying each investment opportunity. I feel that the easiest way to generate personal wealth that can take care of my retirement needs would be to invest a percentage (say 5%-10%) of my monthly salary in an reputed and long-running pension fund that has a good track record of performance. Otherwise, it is also useful to invest a part of monthly income in long-term certificates of deposit (CDs) that offer a stable return during the investment period. Direct investment in low-risk bonds or equity markets is also possible although this would demand extensive knowledge of the relevant markets. The option of investing in real estate must also be cons idered. Investing in this sector is relatively simple, straightforward and perhaps most practical n terms of building some personal wealth. While real estate markets do have their own inherent risks (like the recent housing market crash due to the financial crisis in the United States), (include author) argues that the market has the best capability to appreciate over the years and yield good returns over the years. As mentioned earlier, investing personal savings in the financial markets is more risky and requires active involvement of the investor through trading, purchasing options to hedge the risk etc., which require knowledge and experience to generate results besides resulting in further expenditures (broker commissions, minimum margins etc.). The best way to invest in these markets is to obtain the services of a brokerage firm that has a good history of providing positive, stable and cost-effective returns to its customers. Project Resources 1. Bold (2009). The Bold Truth Ab out Investing: Ten Commandments for Building Personal Wealth. New York: Ten Speed Press. Mutual Funds expert, Adam Bold, discusses a ten step approach to personal finance that help both experienced and novice investors understand the financial markets and take effective stock of their investments. This book is focused primarily on investing in mutual funds. 2. Hallman (2009). Private Wealth Management: The Complete Reference for the Personal Financial Planner. Chicago: McGraw Hill. This book discusses various strategies and techniques associated with personal finance that deal with some of the latest challenges facing investors. Chapters on cash flow analysis, interest accumulation, common & alternative investments and asset protection plan shed simple but important insights into some of the areas the beginner investors must understand in order to realize profitable returns. 3. Horan (2008). Private Wealth: Wealth Management in Practice. Chicago: John Wiley. Developed by the CFA ins titute, this book provides latest information on asset allocation, taxation, lifecycle modeling and investment management for small investors. This book considers various human parameters that allow investors to devise customized investment plans and strategies. 4. Reuvid (2006). Handbook of personal wealth management. New York: Kogan Page. This book targets high net-worth individuals who seek to maximize returns from their wealth and advises them about personal and commercial investment products. Besides discussing many such