Testing Webservices Using Soapui And Jmeter

Testing Webservices Using Soapui And Jmeter Web servers are an integral part of a web application. Choosing the right web server that meets the applicationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s requirements and the expected load is a key decision in providing a real-time response. This paper studies and compares the performance of different open source web servers like Apache Tomcat and Jetty under different loads. The objective is to carry out load testing using Jmeter, which is an open source tool, written in java. In the process, web service used in load testing is functional tested using an open source tool-soapUI. The paper also explores the capabilities of these two tools. The webservice used for load testing the web servers is a wrapper method around an open source project called Lucene, provided by the Apache foundation. Lucene provides full text indexing and searching capabilities in different libraries. The paper will use the experimental results to calculate the peak TPS of the webservers and determine the capabilities/limitations of the ab ove webservers. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Discovering the unexpected is more important than confirming the knownà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-(George Box). Software testing is an essential and integral part of the software development cycle. This can be done either manually or by using automated testing tools. The later method is more preferred in recent times as it saves a lot of time and helps catch the software bugs missed by manual testing. There are different types of software testing techniques that include- functional testing, integration testing, load testing, regression testing etc. Functional testing involves testing the features and operational behavior of a software to ensure they correspond to its specifications. Load testing involves modeling the expected usage of a software program by simulating multiple users accessing the program in parallel. The purpose of the paper is to serve as a case study for evaluating the performance of web servers. Testing can be aided significantly by several testing tools. This paper performs functional testing of web service using soapUI tool. SoapUI is an open source testing tool which mainly performs functional testing of Web services (SOAP, REST etc). SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a simple mechanism for exchanging structured and typed information between peers in a decentralized distributed environment using XML [1]. In this paper, wrapper webservice methods are written on top of APIs provided by Lucene. Apache Lucene is a high performance, full-featured text search engine library written entirely in Java with powerful, accurate and efficient search algorithms [3]. It is open source software suitable for most of the applications that require full-text search, especially cross-platform. Applications based on Lucene include: Eclipse, JIRA, Roller, OpenGrok, Nutch, Solr etc [2]. Lucene exposes methods that provide the functionality for indexing text documents and also provides APIs to search indexed documents based on a certain set of predefined fields. These methods exposed by the libraries are used by the webservice to provide indexing and search functionality. This webservice is functional tested using soapUI. There are different open source web servers available in the market. Jakarta Tomcat, Miniature Java Web server and Jetty are a few examples of open source web servers. Web servers are containers that host web applications/webservices. The lucene webservice is then hosted on two different webservers (Tomcat and Jetty) and these web servers are load tested using JMeter. Apache Jmeter, is another open source testing tool that is used to load test web applications. The webserverà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s performance is analyzed under different loads generated using Jmeter. Jmeter is used to simulate heavy load on a server and test the webserverà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s capabilitylimitation. Section 2 of this paper describes the environment setup needed for this project. presents current work and industry acceptance of some of the functional and load testing tools. Section 4 describes Rigi and highlights its limitation. Section 4 describes Understand 2.5 as a reverse engineering tool. Section 5 demonstrates reverse engineering of SimpleDB, an open source code. Section 6 concludes reverse engineering. 2. Environment Since soapUI and Jmeter are java based tools, it runs on most operating systems including Windows, Mac and Linux. The study will be done on Windows 7. SoapUI and Jmeter require 1.6+ JRE (Java Runtime Environment). It requires at least 1 GB of memory, and about 100 MB of disk space. Tools: soapUI and Jmeter Web servers: Apache Tomcat and Jetty Web service: To avoid the Web service being the bottleneck, a simple Web service that calculates the area of different shapes will be used as the Web service. This Web service can be extended later to perform other functions. 3. Current Practices This section presents current work and industry acceptance of some of the functional and load testing tools. soapUI and JMeter are two free tools used by the open source community. Section 3.1 talks about different commercial and open source functional testing tools. Section 3.2 concentrates on load testing tools. 3.1. Functional testing tools Some of the functional testing tools for testing internet applications currently being used by industries are listed below A) soapUI soapUI is a tool used for functional testing web services. Many industries are currently using soapUI for testing. It is being used to implement test suits for Alfresco Web services. soapUI is being used in a handful of public sector projects lately. As part of the Czech eGovernment project Datovà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Schrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nky soapUI is used for session-based login scenario with Datovà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Schrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nky [16]. It is also used in testing ASP.NET Web services. It is a big success in market as it comes with plug-ins for many IDEà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s/tools like NetBeans, Maven, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA 6+ etc [16]. B) WebLOAD Professional WebLOAD Professional is RadViewà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s commercial tool for performance testing of Internet applications [3]. It has built-in support for AJAX technologies, JSON data types and different types of SOAP and XML Web services [3]. C) Quicktest Professional QTP is widely used commercial test automation tool mainly for functional testing. It allows the users to fill out a Web page and to submit it. It then follows the request from the client workstation through the network. The message is traced to the Web service that processes it [4]. D) TestMaker TestMaker is a Web service testing application from PushToTest. TestMakers tests are embodied in scripts called à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½test agents. It can also be used to test Web applications [15]. Bundled with TestMaker is a network monitoring tool that can watch HTTP traffic between your browser and a target Web application, and generate test cases from the interaction [15]. 3.2. Load testing tools With applications like twitter and facebook becoming popular day by day, the amount of traffic that web servers handle has increased tremendously. The importance of tuning the performance of web servers has become crucial. Web server performance largely depends of components such as server hardware platform, Web server software, server operating system, network bandwidth, file sizes, caching, etc [5]. The performance of the web servers can be increased tremendously by proper tuning of the components of the server [5]. Most of the web applications run smoothly with minimal traffic. But when thousands of users access a web site in parallel, it tends to run slowly. Hence it is always a good practice to thoroughly load test web site/Web services before it goes live. Industries, when choosing the right web server for the web site being developed, usually take the expected load into account. They will also stress test Web servers by running 20-40 simultaneous requests on one URL [5]. The a verage time for the responses is then recorded. This will help them make the right decision. Listed are a few of the load testing tools used in the market (particularly open source market). A) JMeter JMeter is an open source Apache Jakarta project that can be used as a load testing tool for analyzing and measuring the performance of a variety of services, with a focus on web applications. This will be discussed in detail in section 4. JMeter is used worldwide by many companies for testing. AOL use JMeter for performance testing, QA, and adhoc production requests [14]. PrepMe is another company that uses JMeter. They wrap JMeter with a few scripts to dynamically generate configuration files based on the type of tests to be run [14]. This is integrated with their internal Symfony framework installation. Sapient and orbitz also use JMeter [14]. Advantages of Jmeter are it is open source and it provides the ability to load and performance test different kinds of Web server types like web, SOAP and database via JDBC. It also provides support for displaying the results using different Graphs and will support regression testing in the future. B) Grinder The Grinder is an open source load testing tool designed to load test functional behavior and measure performance. Grinder scripts are written in Jython programming language. It adopts a generic approach that allows load testing of anything that has a Java API. For example, HTTP web servers, SOAP and REST Web services [3]. C) NeoLoad NeoLoad is a commercial load and stress testing tool to measure the performance of the web application and provide pragmatic solutions facilitating design and development of the optimized website. Benefit of NeoLoad is easy creation of tests, which can be performed by non specialists. [3]. Although commercial tools offer richer set of features and are in general easier to use, available open source tools are sufficient to successfully perform given tasks. Their usage requires higher level of technical expertise but they are a lot more flexible and extendable 4. Details 4.1. Functional Testing The Web servers will host the Web service (CalculateArea) that returns the area of different shapes. Using soapUI, the functionality of the Web service will be tested with different test cases. The following are the methods exposed by the CalculateArea Web service 1) Double AreaOfRectangle (double length, double breadth) 2) Double AreaOfCircle (double radius) 3) Double AreaOfCylinder (double radius, double height) 4) Double AreaOfTriangle (double length, double height) This service can be extended later to include methods to calculate the area of other shapes. Figure 1. Functional testing of Web servers using soapUI tool Testing of Web services has to target three aspects: the discovery of Web services , the data format exchanged (i.e.,Web Services Description Language, WSDL), and request/response mechanisms (i.e., SOAP). The Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is an XML-based language that provides a model for describing Web services [1][5] . The data format and request/response mechanisms can be tested by invoking requests and observing responses with test data representing valid and invalid data formats[1]. The above three scenarios will be tested using soapUI. soapUI will validate and import Web services from SOAP based WSDL documents. Fig 1 explains the functional testing that will be carried out in details. Each method invocation will be a request to invoke that particular method (ex:AreaOfCircle) on the Web service. The Web server will receive the request and determine which application will handle the request and pass on the request to the particular application. The application (CalculateArea Web service) will receive the request and proc ess the request. The application will throw an exception if there are any issues (missing/invalid parameter value or invalid parameter type) with the request. Otherwise, it will perform the necessary service and return the result in the response which is forwarded to the component that invoked the service (soapUI in this case). The request and the response will be examined to make sure the response is the expected response for each scenario. If the Web service throws an exception, soapUI throws the same exception so that the user will know what the exception was for. We will use Jakarta Tomcat and Jetty to host the Web service to be tested. 4.2. Load testing of the application and stress testing the web server Figure 2: Load/stress testing of Web servers using JMeter tool As mentioned in the previous section, the Web service will be hosted on both Jakarta tomcat and Jetty. Jmeter, an open source load testing tool, will be used to perform the load testing/stress testing on both the web servers. As shown in Figure 2, the load on the Web server will be gradually increased by increasing the number of requests every time. The response time will be noted for each of the response from the web server. This result will help in calculating the time taken by the web server to process these requests. This will be used to calculate the TPS (transactions per second) that each Web server handles under each load. These results should be a good indicator on how the above web server scales for increasing loads. The number of requests per second will be increased by increasing the requests per second from Jmeter and also by using multiple running instances of Jmeter (thereby simulating multiple concurrent users). The above test will be performed for the following number of transaction on each server and the results will be noted. Table 1. Load metrics Requests per second Time taken to handle the requests % Passed transaction % Failed Transaction Transaction Per Second Handled by the Web server 5. Future Directions When trying to choose Open Source test tools, several factors may be considered, such as how active the development is, the support for the tool, the quality of the documentation, etc. JMeter is free and extensible tool with a substantial community support. One of the JMeter strong points is the distributed testing feature. The master system (controller) carries the user interface or XML test scripts and makes RMI calls to each of the nodes (load generators). Each node receives a mirror of the test plan and performs identical actions on a target Web application [3]. As developers take advantage of JMeterà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s pluggable architecture, JMeters capabilities will rapidly expand in future. The primary goal of further development is to make JMeter the most useful regression testing tool as possible, without compromising JMeters load-testing capabilities. Additional goals are to improve the graphical user interface. Since there is no support for scripting and advance reporting in soapUI currently, there is scope to add scripting libraries and enhance reporting features in future. 6. Limitations Open source testing tools are inexpensive (free), and work well for easy to moderately-difficult jobs but theyre somewhat less user-friendly than commercial tools and complex jobs must be built manually. Some limitations of soapUI include- no maintenance as it is a freely available tool. Scripting libraries are not available. No support for advance reporting. These limitations can be overcome by using soapUI pro, a commercial tool used for testing. Also, soapUI test cases cannot be used as examples illustrating the use of the service. Junit test cases can be used to overcome these limitations. soapUI also requires significant coding for building/maintaining test cases and suites. Also, in the place of actual input data for generated test cases, soapUI leaves question marks (or alternatively some pregenerated Latin words or numbers) [7]. In addition, it does not manage the choice and all elements and the occurrence attributes, but introduces comments explaining to the human tester how to handle them. JMeter has certain drawbacks. Thereà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s no guarantee of support or further development as it is an open source tool. It has limited reporting capabilities. Graphic representation is quite confusing and has no support for scripting. One of the most distinguished disadvantages is insufficient support for test case recording. JMeter uses proxy which can only record HTTP while HTTPS is supported only in so called, spoofing mode. However, there are other tools which can be used in conjunction with JMeter and provide HTTPS test case recording. One such tool is Badboy tool which may be defined as a Web application functional testing tool [3]. 7. Discussion and Summary One of the chief concerns while choosing a testing tool is the cost of the tool. Since software testing usually attracts the least budget in an organization, many people look to the Open Source community for good solutions. This paper is an attempt in showing that there are good open source tools like soapUI and JMeter in the market that accomplishes most of the functionality supported by commercial tools. This paper also studies the performance of different open source web servers for different loads.

Books Vs. Movies Essay

Why are audiences so upset with the way the movie turned out after reading the book? † Ask any reader who has seen the movie version of a favorite book, and the answer will usually be, the book was better.† (Corliss, 2005, p. 1)They are frequently disappointed because the movie versions are not sticking to their all-time favorite book. Growing up with books like Harry Potter, as readers or having someone reading to us our minds wonder off to this mystical land, picturing how our heroes and villains would look and act. As they take in the words, the reader can almost smell the trees and here the wind blow through the castles. Reading a book compared to watching the movie brings up controversy; with books readers use their minds while watching a movie people sit back and enjoy. It all starts with the book and how the reader’s mind starts to imagine what it will look like; the smell, taste, and feel. Then they bring the movie with the director’s view on the story. Let’s start with how people view the story that they are reading. The reader will take the story from the book and make it their own personal story, internalize from their own perspective and imagination. Each reader will see and interact with the story in their way. With Harry Potter readers, some say they feel closer to the main characters because it easier to see what’s going on in their minds. The directors have read the same books too and have challenges to overcome. Bringing Harry Potter to life on the big Screen, and appease all the children that have read the books. His job is to make the movie exciting; some books have some narrative that can just drag on. Sometimes what you read may not work in the movies. Some directors like to change things up so the viewers will be surprised and not be bored because they know everything that was going to happen. Now, back to how the audience sees the main character in a different light concerning reading, then on the big screen. The book builds this character that they grow to like; readers may see themselves as the leading actor. Some readers will picture their favorite actor playing the part. Characters are what keeps the readers coming back every time or make it impossible to put the book down because they want to find out what happens next. As a reader, you feel closer to what’s happening; you feel all the emotion that the characters are going through. Concerning the big screen, the character usually gets a brief back ground. The director determines the character for you; he will pick the actor for the spot. Sometimes they will pick a different gender to play the part. The director has to take a book like Harry Potter and cut some of the characters out so that the main character gets more time. They also cut out scenes. Let’s take for example, the Dursley’s family that was to keep Harry safe when not in school. After the third film they cut them out most of the other films. In book 4 they were to meet the Weasleys and that was cut out for the movie. (Bibbiani (2011)), â€Å"The audience spent way too much time with the Dursley family over the course of the franchise to deny them their only redeeming moment.† The director will put his own insights and how he pictures the characters to be and what scenes he wants. The story line people see in our mind from reading may change on the big screen. With reading, they get the whole story from beginning to the end, the readers will know everything about their character; including where they live and what time period they’re from. It all goes back to how they imagine it will be like. In every story it starts out slow so it can build you up to the main event. It may take up to 100 pages to explain a character. After reading the book, must readers feel that they lived another life, unless it’s a series, the reader will feel completed. However, with the movie there are time constraints to think about and they need to achieve the right rating for the movie. In the books the writers has more freedom with the story line, when it comes to the movie they need to make sure it targets the right audience. The Harry Potter movies always have been geared toward children and teens, so they cut things out to achieve that goal. The Goblet of Fire was a 734- page book that would be a 10 hour movie. The screen writer Steve Kloves said †it took him two years to figure out how to make the movie and deciding what parts to cut out† (Corliss, 2005, pp. 3-3). They took the first hundred pages and put it into a thrilling 20 minutes. They need to make the movie exciting by cutting out some of the narrative and zipping through some of it. There are some movie critics that love the movies because they cut out the boring narration of the books. Readers interact with the book and use their minds to imagine the story while movie-audiences are more passively enjoying the movie. We see how and why things change from reading books and how the movie may have a different concept. When reading books, a person is creating their own movie in a sense. You know how the character speaks, what they look like. Where the director is showing how he perceived the story and characters. Can we as readers see books and movies as different entities? Not all movie versions might be considered worse than the books. Books require your imagination to run wild with in the story. Movies are an in-depth perspective toward the story. In some people opinion they need to change some of the details from the book to make the movie more enjoyable. Think about how dull that movie may be if you put everything from the book into the movie. Next time you are out watching a movie and you have already read the book try to remember that it is not going to be how you imagined it, it’s someone else’s story and how they perceived it. â€Å"If we were more naà ¯ve, new to the plot and characters, things might be different, but since we’ve read the books, and read them emphatically, possibly more than once we can’t know that for sure. We can only compare to what we know, and already love† (Mario & Mario, 2012, pp. 3-2). References: Bibbiani, W. (2011). Crave Online. Retrieved from http://www.craveonline.com/film/articles/171155-the-top-ten-things-the-harry-potter-movies-left-out Corliss, R. (2005, Nov.). Books Vs. Movies. Time, (),. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1134742,00.html Mario, A., & Mario, R. (2012, may). The Trouble with Making Books We Love into Movies. The Atlantic Wire, (), 5. Retrieved from http://www.theatlanticwire.com/entertainment/2012/03/trouble-making-books-we-love-movies/50220/

Nursing Expertise Self-Report Scale Essay

I think that it is important to understand where you are in your nursing practice. After completing the Nursing Expertise Self-Report Scale, I realize that I still have a lot more experience to gain as a nurse. I believe that nurses must be life-long learners to stay current in the ever-changing field of healthcare. I have only been a nurse for two years. Before beginning the test, I thought that with my few years of experience, I would be a novice nurse. However, I am a competent nurse. According to Arnold and Boggs (2011) the competent nurse â€Å"views the clinical picture from a broader perspective and is more confident about his or her role in health care† (p. 127). I have been organized and able to manage my time successfully. I feel that I can consciously make decisions without direct supervision. I can assess the patient and look at all the variables before proceeding with care. I can think more long term now than I did in the beginning. I feel that in order to improve my communication skills in the healthcare setting, I have to continue to think more long-term. I need to stop being so task-oriented and start looking at the patient as a whole. Instead of doing something just because it’s ordered, I need to be diligent and make sure it is appropriate for my patient’s specific condition. I realize how important it is to be able to communicate with the physicians. We are with the patients much more than they are, and we are their eyes and ears. I feel that it is also vital to have good communication with the patients and their families. They depend on us to be honest in all that we do. When the patient trusts us, they will be more open with us. My facility does bedside shift report. I think this is important because it gives the oncoming nurse the chance to understand what the patient is going to need for the next 12 hours. It also gives the patient the opportunity to become involved in their care. As nurses, we are always communicating so it is  important to make sure that we do it correctly and efficiently. References Arnold, E., & Boggs, K. U. (2011). Interpersonal Relationships: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Nature Versus Nurture Has Been A Big Debate In The Past

Nature versus nurture has been a big debate in the past few years. Debates and arguments from both sides has its own statements which makes their side stronger. Some argue that it is in the genetics if a person is intelligent where some state the opposite, that surroundings make a person intelligent which improves them in a person mentally and physically. In the 1950s psychologist Harry Harlow studied the effects of maternal deprivation on the development of baby monkeys. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested â€Å"that certain things are inborn† (Saul McLeod, 2007), or that they occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other examples of nature debates were Bowlby’s 1969 theory of attachment likewise Chomsky’s†¦show more content†¦The dizygotic twins show a higher correlation than their other siblings even when reared apart supporting the theory that nature does have a major influence on human intelligence. Nurture intelligence is another factor which is still unfolded. Some believe that upbringing a child in a proper environment can effect their mood, body and their views towards to world. If someone’s brought up in an environment where he or she gets all the facilities and necessities of daily life, it will help through the entire life, in saying that if the person receives the correct surroundings, family support, supportive friends circle, it can help them throughout the journey of life. Family habits, interests and company of good people as mentioned above will leave a significant effect on the person’s development. The nature theory holds the genetic influence over abstract traits however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behaviour. We want to be according to the environment around us. At the end we are still confused which way is right nature or nurture since both sides have valid reasons to be right. 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