Preparetion of salt Essay Example

Preparetion of salt Paper 1. INSOLUBLE SALTSSoluble salt 1(aq) + solvent salt 2(aq) insoluble salt + dissolvable salt (aq)acid 1(aq) corrosive 2(aq)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(g) PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Pb2+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) PbSO4To set up a salt, you ought to right off the bat completely blend the arrangement, at that point you should channel it to expel any hasten. Next, you should, wash with refined water lastly leave to dry in the oven.2. Solvent SALTSa. Filtrationi. corrosive + base salt + waterH2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)H2SO4(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)ii. corrosive + insoluble metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxideH2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)iii. corrosive + response metal salt + hydrogenH2SO4(aq) + Mg(s) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)The base or the metal carbonate must be insoluble with the goal that we can evacuate the overabundance through the technique for filtration. The metals that we can utilize must respond with acids yet should not respond with water as this would pollut e the salt with metal hydroxide. The metals that we can utilize are:Magnesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Zinc (Zn)Iron (Fe)We initially measure around 25cm3 of sulphuric corrosive, by emptying it into a recepticle. This just happens on the off chance that I and not in cases ii and iii. Next we heat up the corrosive until it is for all intents and purposes bubbling. In all cases, we include the strong until it is in overabundance (more than what will respond). This is done so we can ensure the entirety of the corrosive responds. In cases ii and iii, we heat up the containers to accelerate the responses. To ensure that it is finished we channel the arrangements into a vanishing basin.CRYSTALISATIONTo structure this procedure, we heat up the arrangement in the bowl so as to focus it. We do this until we arrive at the crystallization point and that is the point at which it is soaked at that particular temperature. We test this by dunking in a glass pole and afterward blowing toward one side. In the event that a greenery like development of precious stones appear, it implies that we have arrived at crystallization point. Subsequent to doing that, we permit the answer for chill off which creates little precious stones. Be that as it may, we need huge precious stones. To do this we permit the answer for dissipate at room temperature for about seven days, until there are just a couple of cubic centimeters remaining. These are sifted off in light of the fact that they contain solvent polluting influences. The gems are than washed with a little refined water and dried utilizing channel paper.b. TitrationIf the metal hydroxide or the metal carbonate are dissolvable, (for example antacids), we can't expel the abundance by means of the procedure of filtration. Thusly, we need to respond these substances in their right stoichiometric sums (for example there is no abundance of both of them). This is finished by a procedure known as titration.All sodium (Na) and potassium (K) salts mu st be set up by titration as their hydroxides and carbonates are soluble.i. base of solvent metal hydroxide + corrosive salt + waterNaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)ii. metal carbonate + corrosive salt + water + carbon dioxideNa2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Here are a few photos of the hardware that we requirement for this experiment:graduation pointThe pipette is utilized for allotting with a fixed volume of arrangement. We right off the bat wash it out with the arrangement that we are going to utilize. For our situation we are utilizing hydrochloric acid.We then pipette 20cm3 of the corrosive into a funnel shaped jar. At that point we at that point include a couple of drops of all inclusive pointer to the solution.A burette is utilized for estimating a variable volume of arrangement. We likewise (like with the pipette) wash out the burette with salt, which happens to sodium hydroxide for this situation. We right off the bat fill the burette with the recommend ed soluble base through a channel until the antacid arrives at 0cm3.The salt is exceptionally scathing. This implies it will erode into wood or anything in its manner. The best way to prevent this from occurring, is to kill it by pouring a corrosive over it.We then titrate the hydrochloric corrosive arrangement with the arrangement from the burette until we arrive at the identicalness point, (end point).The pointer ought to unexpectedly change shading from red to a mid-run shading, orange. You should clean out the funnel shaped flagon with water and rehash to get steady titres which are inside 0.2cm3 of one another. We rehash the entire thing utilizing similar volumes however no pointers so the last shade of the arrangement isn't changed. We at that point solidify the arrangement as normal.Here are a few outcomes from this examination overleaf:ATTEMPTROUGHONETWOFINAL22.3021.0042.10INITIAL-1.200.0021.00TITRE21.1021.0021.10c. EvaporationAnother technique for making ammonium nitrate is done when either the corrosive or the soluble base is unstable (vanishes without any problem). A case of this is for a corrosive - hydrochloric corrosive or for a soluble base alkali. In these cases we don't have to utilize the procedure of titration to set up the salt. We can just include the overabundance of the one that is unpredictable and the abundance will vanish when we come to dissipate the solution.NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq)We measure out around 20cm3 of nitric corrosive into a dissipating bowl. We at that point include smelling salts arrangement while blending until in abundance. We can check for this by its smell and affirm it is in overabundance by utilizing red litmus paper which should turn blue. We at that point solidify the arrangement as common where upon the overabundance smelling salts will dissipate.

Jane Pinata free essay sample

Jane Doe How to Make a Piã ±ata SSP 1608 Adjunct Instructor Marsha Freedman January 10, 2012 Specific Purpose: At the finish of the discourse, the crowd will see how to make a custom piã ±ata for any great event Central Idea: Making a piã ±ata is anything but difficult to make on the off chance that you have the correct materials, supplies, and adhering to the guidelines. Presentation: Where did the piã ±ata begin? A great many people would figure Mexico however that isn't right. They really originated from China and Canada and were presented by Marco Polo. Ministers acquainted the possibility of piã ±atas with Mexico for strict reasons. A Mexican piã ±ata has seven cones on it that speak to capital sins. The youngsters beating the piã ±ata speak to the great side of the world overcoming the awful side. These days, individuals use piã ±atas on Cinch De Mayo as well as at occasions like birthday celebrations, occasions and festivities. I had a piã ±ata at my eighth birthday celebration party and recall how much fun it was hitting it and getting together all the treats. We will compose a custom paper test on Jane Pinata or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Today I will exhibit bit by bit how to make a heart formed piã ±ata for Valentines Day. To start with, you will get familiar with the materials required; second, the provisions; at that point anally the means in question. Toward the finish of this discourse, will see how to make a custom piã ±ata for any pleasant event l. Materials One inflatable A. B. Papers Flour C. D. Water E. Candy and confetti F. Crepe paper G. Development paper H. Duck tape Transition: Now that I have gone over the provisions required, these are the apparatuses to utilize: II. Devices A. Blending bowl B. Spoon C. Estimating cups D. Craft glue weapon Transition: Now that you know all that you will require, I will clarify each progression so as to make the heart molded piã ±ata. Sick. System A. Blow up your inflatable. This progression is to frame the body of the piã ±ata so blow up it to the size you need the piã ±ata to be. B. Blend three cups of water in with two cups of flour in the bowl until it is totally smooth. C. Cut papers into strips lunch thick strips and dunk into blend. D. Spread inflatable with wet strips at that point let first layer dry and make a subsequent layer leaving a little opening at the base to embed the stuffing later. E Eater the subsequent layer is dry, tape on development paper to the top and OTTOMH of the circle to frame a heart shape. F. Extra one all the more last layer to cover the whole inflatable and cardboard and let it dry. G. Pop the inflatable and expel it from inside the piã ±ata. H. Supplement sweets, treats and confetti into the opening and tape close the opening. L. Improve the outside with crepe paper utilizing a craft glue weapon. End: I delighted in clarifying the procedure that goes into making a piã ±ata. With my flexibly list, device rundown, and nine stages you have the option to make your own one of a kind custom piã ±ata. Recall you can pick any subject you need you dont need to go for the customary Mexican piã ±ata. A cool diverse thought for somebody who is sound is to stuff it with products of the soil bars! I trust this will rouse you to make a piã ±ata for your next festival your visitor will have a ton of fun and be intrigued you made it yourself! Change: Now that I nave gone over the provisions n deed, these are the devices to utilize: later. E. After the subsequent layer is dry, tape on development paper to the top and

Up, Up, and Away

Up, Up, and Away 27,960 miles flown. $0 spent (by me). How? Through purely anecdotal research, I have ascertained that MIT has one of the best global programs of any college that I’ve ever heard of. Name a country, and MIT has a program or grant to get you there. And it’s not just study abroad: there’s also teach abroad, work abroad, research abroad, and more. I figure it’s time to share the wealth, so I’m here to lay out for you all the tips and tricks to getting yourself around the world on MITs dime. Start: 0 mi + 10,480 mi  MISTI Internship Santiago, Chile Fast facts: One of the quintessential global MIT experiences, MISTI, or MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives, sends students to internship and research posts around the world to over 25 countries. What’s cool: So many things. First, you get work experience, AND you get to travel at the same time. If you ever wanted to try living abroad, this is a good taste test because you can live and work anywhere between 3 months to a year. Most MISTI programs also have a language requirement to prepare you for a serious language immersion. For example, my start-up’s Slack channel and some of their variable names in the code were also in Spanish! Another key point: it’s cost-neutral, which means getting and staying there is FREE. Just to recap, you get another line on your résumé, a language immersion, and free travel and lodging to a foreign country of your choice. That sounds like a win-win-win to me. Shameless plug: You can read a story from my time here. me, my housemate, and a snow-covered Andes mountain +3,080 mi  GSL Lima, Peru   01 I flew from Santiago, in case anyone was actually doing the math. Fast facts: Global Startup Labs takes a team of business and engineering students to create an incubator program abroad for high school and university students. What’s cool: 6 weeks at a university abroad, but instead of studying (and doing psets and taking classes) you’re teaching. You do have to develop a curriculum, which also develops an appreciation for your teachers when you realize how hard it is. There aren’t usually language requirements, so all you need is the offline version of the Google Translate app, and you’re good to go. Of course, there’s also the joy of teaching! At MIT, we see countless posters, emails, and conversations about start-ups, but that culture isn’t as prevalent abroad. It’s incredibly fulfilling to share that mindset and skillset abroad, and also meet some Sloan MBA students while you’re at it. Shameless plug: Check out the first quarter of this post for more info. a very pretty llama roaming Machu Picchu +8960 mi  Hackathons a.k.a email opportunities Moscow, Russia Fast facts: I don’t really know how this happened but somehow I ended up in Russia at a computer vision hackathon. It seems that often universities or companies want MIT students for competitions, jobs, etc. And they’ll usually help fund your trip there. What’s cool: The bad thing about having an MIT email address is I get hundreds of emails daily from mailing lists, spam, and the occasional person actually trying to reach me. The good thing is every so often one of those mailing lists results in adventures like this! You never know what opportunities will land on your doorstep, or your inbox in this case, so pro tip: try to read a few of those 30,000 unread emails. For example, a mailing list recently offered a free trip to Mexico, in exchange for a week of teaching, so you never know what you’re going to find. Shameless plug: The last ¾ of this chronicles our adventures. +7600 mi  GTL Pavia, Italy Fast facts: Global Teaching Labs sends MIT students to secondary schools abroad to teach a STEM subject usually in their discipline. What’s cool: Many GTL locations are in small towns or suburbs, rather than in the city itself, which I think is an even better place to live when travelling abroad. I was in Pavia, a train ride away from Milan, living with two of my students’ families. This meant I spent more time talking and bonding with the Italian people and less time on the touristy stuff, which can get a little exhausting after a month’s worth of European cathedrals and history museums. You also tend to have more down time with GTL, which I often used to prepare lesson plans (again, you really develop an appreciation for teachers). But I was also able to use my 3-day weekends to travel around northern Italy, and my afternoons to hang out at cute coffee shops. And don’t forget about that cost-neutrality! Shameless plug: Photo dumps here and here. Italys claims to fame: gelato and a cathedral (jk theres lots more, like art) +6800 mi  21G.795 and other IAP Classes Madrid, Spain Fast facts: IAP Classes can be for credit or for personal development (or both), and they range from an HIV/AIDS class in South Africa to a Spanish Communication class in Madrid. Mine was the latter. We had around 4 weeks of class in the mornings, 4 days a week, and received 12 units of HASS credit in return. What’s cool: In many of these classes, you’re still taught by an MIT professor. Your classroom has just been displaced to a foreign country. Like all of these, it’s a win-win-win, in which you get HASS credit (which chips away at those graduation reqs, yay!), there are scholarships that cover some or all of your trip, and you get to acquire. that. knowledge. It’s also working towards my (currently undeclared) Spanish minor, so you know, win-win-win-win. We had an ambitious amount of traveling planned to take advantage of that cross-Atlantic flight and somehow managed to make all of our 6am flights, despite battling some severe winter allergies. Heres a map of my wanders. A: Prague, Czech Republic B: Bratislava, Slovakia C: Berlin, Germany D: Madrid, Spain E: Lisbon, Portugal F: Seville, Spain G: Granada, Spain H: London, UK I: Segovia, Spain J: Marrakech, Morocco Running total: 27,960 Here are a few other opportunities I’m considering: + ??? mi  D-Lab This is another great option for combining classes with travel. These engineering classes focus on real-world problems to develop solutions to global poverty challenges. With emphasis on “real-world,” students get out into the field to test and implement their ideas, usually over IAP. I have not taken a D-Lab class, so I can’t speak to it too much, although it’s definitely on my list (a list which now has more classes than is possible for me to take before Spring 2020. AH.) Plug: Here is a good D-lab intro that links to more D-labbers. + ??? mi Make your own opportunity! There are also self-directed opportunities, which is very much in the spirit of MIT. Grants like this and this are extremely flexible, covering most humanities and service-focused endeavors, while some department-specific grants are more structured. I’m hoping to attempt one of these next IAP, so fingers-crossed! Other programs to look into: SMURF from what I’ve heard, an opportunity to traverse much of Asia Do not fear, study abroad is (also) here! IAP-specific opportunities like MEMSI for you all you makers and tinkerers I’m sure there are some really cool ones I overlooked, so feel free to email me or comment below if you know of others, and I can add them! Grand total: TBD Post Tagged #airplanes #travel I flew from Santiago, in case anyone was actually doing the math. back to text ?

Assisted Suicide - Introduction - 1887 Words

Introduction/Rationale No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given.†, this is according to the Indiana Code of Criminal Law and Procedure. In ancient days, assisted suicide was frequently seen as a way to preserve one’s honor. For the past twenty-five years, on the other hand, the practice has been viewed as a response to the progress of modern medicine. New and often expensive medical technologies have been developed that prolong life. However, the technologies also prolong the dying processes, leading some people to question whether modern medicine is forcing patients to†¦show more content†¦The difference between what Dr. Byock do from euthanasia is that palliative care does whatever is necessary to alleviate the suffering while euthanasia is focused on eliminating the sufferer. As a Catholic, being a tool to take away one’s life is a mortal sin and assisted suicide was never accepted as a legal practice here in Philippines. But for me, I disagree in the practice of assisted suicide and it will always be wrong to help in taking away people’s lives no matter what the reason it will be. St ill assisted suicide remains debatable and still a lot of cases are still on-going. Conclusion Assisted suicide brings out some of the deepest feelings amongst human beings. It is a hard decision that nobody wishes to take, and is the power over life and death. Is killing a terminally ill patient justifiable? Who determines the worth of one’s life? God or human? The answer to this question varies, as there are many points of view to this controversial issue. Thus, assisted suicide is a form of suicide, which involves a person other than the person taking his or her own life. And during which the other person assists in direct or indirect physical means in giving effect to the suicide or, in the event of a statutory definition, in a manner as set out in that statute. The right to assisted suicide is a significant topic that concerns people all over the world. The debates go back and forth, about whether a dying patient has the right to die with assistance of aShow MoreRelatedAssisted Suicide - Introduction1878 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction/Rationale No person is entitled to consent to have death inflicted on him, and such consent does not affect the criminal responsibility of any person by whom death may be inflicted on the person by whom consent is given.†, this is according to the Indiana Code of Criminal Law and Procedure. In ancient days, assisted suicide was frequently seen as a way to preserve one’s honor. For the past twenty-five years, on the other hand, the practice has been viewed as a response to theRead MoreAssisted Suicide - Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility2678 Words   |  11 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Brandon Tucky SOC120: Introduction to Ethics amp; Social Responsibility Carrie Quiza April 27, 2012 Physician Assisted Suicide Physician assisted suicide has been an ethically intense subject to many people for decades. The U.S. sees this as an illegal and immoral way to end one’s life while many other countries find it is perfectly legal and moral. The determination of its true standing is one that will probably take many more decades to fully understand. Read MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide. Introduction.1672 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide Introduction Euthanasia is when a patient suffering from a disease that cannot be cured is helped to die in a painless manner. Doctors help in such cases to kill patients without feeling much pain. It is an activity the permits the hopeless and injured people to die painlessly with reasons of mercy towards their suffering. Euthanasia is a Greek name that means easy death to individuals. The translation into the English dictionary has given the word the sameRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Who Should Decide If A Terminally Ill Person?1146 Words   |  5 PagesGemini Government Siembor Who should decide if a terminally ill person has the right to commit physician-assisted suicide? Introduction Physician Assisted Suicide has been a very controversial topic in the recent years. P.A.S can also be known as physician assisted death or euthanasia. Many states wonder wither this practice is morally right or wrong. Physician Assisted Suicide is when a doctor administers patient lethal drugs, upon the request of the patient, with the end result being deathRead MorePhysician Assisted Death As A Person s Ethno Cultural Identity1673 Words   |  7 Pagesas physician assisted-death is, it is also one of great merit that offers an opportunity to explore a better understanding of the human experience. Physician assisted-death is often coupled with the term euthanasia and although it can be seen as a form of euthanasia, it differs in that the patient is in the control of the process through which they commit the act of suicide. In the consideration of the role of a human service professional during the procedure that is physician assisted-death (PAD)Read MorePhysician Assisted Suicide T hesis Statement1679 Words   |  7 Pagesrequests for physician-assisted suicide are now a viable possibility. Knowing the pathways to answering to those patients, as their requests for assisted death persist, is upmost importance. As of June, 9th 2016 California became the fifth state to allow physician-assisted suicide. The California’s End of Life Option Act authorizes any individual 18 years of age or older, who has been diagnosed as terminally ill and fits specific criteria, to solicit administration of assisted dying drugs at the handsRead MoreThe Need for the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide2485 Words   |  10 Pagesprevent death. Many people turn to a procedure known as Physician-Assisted suicide, a process by which a doctor aids in ending a terminally ill patient’s life. This procedure is painless and effective, allowing patients to control their death and alleviate unnecessary suffering. In spite of these benefits, Physician-Assisted suicide is illegal in many places both nationally and internationally. Despite the fact that Physician-Assisted suicide is opposed by many Americans and much of the world on ethicalRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights2572 Words   |  11 Pages1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in

Essay on Analysis of Charles Darwins on the Origin of...

Charles Darwin in his book, On the Origin of Species, presents us with a theory of natural selection. This theory is his attempt at an explanation on how the world and its species came to be the way that we know them now. Darwin writes on how through a process of millions of years, through the effects of man and the effects of nature, species have had a trial and error experiment ongoing. It is through these trials that the natural world has developed beneficial anomalies that at times seem too great to be the work of chance. Darwin writes on how a species will adapt to its surrounding given enough time. When an animal gains a genetic edge over its competitors, be they of the same species or of another genus altogether, the animal†¦show more content†¦Instead Darwin delved into the realm of the Articulata. In the Articulata Darwin found an optic nerve covered with pigment and little more. This nerve is merely a light sensing freckle and can be traced through a series o f branching and improvements until we can see it approach perfection. As Darwin states on page 188; Â…bearing in mind how small the number of living animals is in proportion to those that have become extinct, I can see no very great difficultyÂ…in believing that natural selection has converted the simple apparatus of the optic nerve merely coated with pigment and invested by transparent membrane, into an optical instrument as perfect as is possessed by any member of the great Articulate class. After millions of years of evolution and natural selection, why is it not possible that a thing as perfect as the eye has been developed. It is hard, however, to believe in this whole-heartedly. The more I read of Darwin, the more I begin to see the holes in the theory. My belief does not swing towards the thought of creationism. To me that is not an option. However, Darwin has done a great job of stating the arguments and as best a job answering them as he could. It is very difficult to respond to difficult questions with nothing but theory to back them up. He has, nonetheless, defended them to the best of his abilities and his responses are, with a little faith in science, more than acceptable. YetShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin: Naturalist and Leader in Science1414 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of this analysis, I will use information from Gardner’s Changing Minds (Gardner, 2006) and Uzzi and Dunlap’s How to Build Your Network (Uzzi, 2005) to assess Charles Darwin’s influence as a non-positional leader. I will also show a historical analysis, including my reasons for choosing Darwin as my subject, his background, the success and failures of his influence, as well as his legacy. Finally, I will submit my vision of non-positional leadership and mechanisms for leaders to exploreRead MoreHow Darwin Has A Profound Effect Beyond The World Of Science1396 Words   |  6 Pages† This is one of many examples of how Darwin has had a profound effect beyond the world of science. Through analysis of several elements of pop culture, one can see how their underlying themes are related to Darwin. The impact of Darwin’s principles can be seen in vid eo games, literature, and television. The relevance of Darwin’s work can be observed in video games. For example, Darwin’s theory of natural selection can be applied to the general gameplay of Pokà ©mon FireRed. Darwin states that individualsRead MoreHistory: Theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin1365 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Darwin’s theory and evolution Introduction: Charles Darwin was an English scientist who developed the theory of evolution which had been around for long period of time which gave him fame during his life and after his death. In 1859, he published a book called Origin of Species which contains all the theory of evolution. Darwin’s theory caused a lot of argument and they are still continuing until these days. In religion view it caused clash because at that time people in Europe believedRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his the ory of evolution. By the 1870’s theRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe theory of evolution is one of the great intellectual revolutions of human history, drastically changing our perception of the world and of our place in it. Charles Darwin put forth a coherent theory of evolution and amassed a great body of evidence in support of this theory. In Darwin s time, most scientists fully believed that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator. Linneaus established the system of biological classification that we use today, and did so in the spiritRead MoreEssay about Evidence for Evolution920 Words   |  4 Pages Evolution and Diversity†¨ Evolution and Diversity The foundation for the theory of evolution was laid by Charles Darwin (Rose, n.d.). He developed hypotheses about natural selection which helped scientists develop the theory. Evolution is a theory and not a hypothesis because evolution has been proven by vast amounts of scientific data, research, and testing. The definition of a hypothesis is an educated explanation that needs to be researched and tested but has not yetRead MoreGenetics and Human Sexuality1320 Words   |  6 Pagesa human species. Next to sleeping and eating, it seems that it is one of the most important drives we have to deal with as humans. That is, it takes up so much of our time in thought and behavior that it sometimes seems that every facet of our life revolves around this to a certain extent. Human sexual behavior is different from the sexual behavior of other animals, in that, it seems to be governed by a variety and interplay of different factors. That is, while lower animals or species are drivenRead MoreEvolution Of Natural Selection Evolution1005 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneration. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) formulated this theory that has stood the test of time. Natural selection is important to anthropology for understanding how species change. Anthropologists emphasize the complexity of evolution and how natural selection is much more than â€Å"survival of the fittest.† Charles Darwin began the observing diversity of living creatures as well as fossils and extinct animals. Darwin noted that species varied according to the environments they inhabited. Darwin’s most famousRead MoreAn Analysis of Cultural Influences in the 19th and 20th Centuries734 Words   |  3 PagesAn Analysis of Cultural Influences in the 19th and 20th Centuries The 19th and early 20th centuries were a time of massive cultural mutation, out of which came varying worldviews that intermingled with and reacted against one another. As Professor Ambrosio (2011) states in A History of Suspicion, of the biggest intellectual and/or philosophical influences in that time period, Marx, Darwin, Freud, Nietzsche, and Dostoevsky each represents a decisively different view of history than the view ofRead MoreDefending Slavery Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesAlabama who sustained that blacks and whites came from different species. All of these documents were intended to support the theory that black race was not only different that white race but their origins came from different roots. Cartwright and Nott had similar approach. Their explanation from the biological standpoint was in some point linked to a religious interpretation of then bible. Thus, Cartwright depicts the origin of the three most predominant racial groups on Earth: Asian, Europeans

Investment and Debt Capacity Free Essays

Stock Repurchase Repurchase of stock can be viewed in each of the following way: investment, financing, shareholder distribution and control issue. Repurchase of stock can be a way to use firm’s excess debt capacity. By doing so, firm can lower the cost of equity financing. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment and Debt Capacity or any similar topic only for you Order Now If debt financing is more flexible and cheap, replace equity financing with debt financing is a good way to lower the weighted cost of capital. In this sense, such action is a financing issue because it controls the cost of financing. On the other hand, repurchase of stock can adjust shareholder distribution. If shareholders consist of most individual investors, they may require more dividends or other forms of profit sharing. Firm can repurchase stocks from such investors so that they can adjust their dividend policy. If management holds few shares of the company, they may lose their control over operating and strategy decisions. By repurchasing stocks, management could regain majority control over the company on strategic decisions. Finally, repurchase of stock is also an investment issue because it enables the firm to increase its return on equity by eliminating dilution effect. Higher return on equity will attract more favorable investors as well as better vendors. It has the same outcome of investing in businesses, so it can be viewed as an investment. Debt Capacity for Stock Repurchase From Exhibit 5, we get the total debt of Marriott at the end of 1979. We define total debt as sum of short-term loan, current portion of long-term debt, senior debt and capital leases. The average market price of Marriott in 1979 was $14. 9, and interest rate for Baa corporate debt was 12%. We assume that Marriott would repurchase stocks at price of $15 using 12% debt financing. Marriott used Adjusted EBIT over net interest as a measure for debt capacity, so we use such measure as well. The table above shows the main assumptions we make in the analysis. Before the stock repurchase, EBIT adjusted/Net interest rate was 6. 64, above the 5 times threshold Marriott set for itself. Because the net interest before repurchase was $27. 8 million, we conclude that adjusted EBIT was $184. 59 million. In 1979, additional debt from repurchase was $159 million, making the total debt $538. 83 million. Net interest after repurchase is the original net interest plus the 12% interest from new debt. Based on such analysis, the new adjusted EBIT/Net interest ratio is 3. 94, which is lower than 5. So we conclude Marriott may not have enough debt capacity to finance the stock repurchase. We further perform a scenario analysis. Suppose Marriott had just enough debt capacity, which means new adjusted EBIT/Net interest ratio equals 5. We find that repurchase price should be $7. 17 so that Marriott could utilize its debt capacity fully. We conclude that a repurchase price under $7. 17 is in fact transferring value to remaining group because they can share more future profits resulting from the concentrated equity. Yet a repurchase of $15 is way above $7. 17, which means selling shareholders have more value because they are compensated with higher return. Owned vs Managed Marriot has two options about the operation of hotel chains. First, it can own the hotel and enjoy the profit margin. Second, it can sell the hotel but retain management contracts so it controls the operation of such units. Following is the detailed decomposition of costs associated with two options. According to Exhibit 9, in 1978 the typical cost for a hotel room consists of improvement cost, furniture, fixtures and equipment cost, land cost, pre-opening cost and operating cost. For an owned hotel, Marriot had to pay the total cost for running the property, but if it is managed, Marriot only had operating cost because the buyer was responsible for the maintenance. In an attempt to emphasize more on return on invested capital rather than margins, Marriot sold some of their existing hotels and retained management contract to free up capital. Managed hotels had operating margin of 8%-10%, while owned had 15%. We assume 10% margin for managed hotels and 15% for owned hotels. To decide when to sell the property, we analyze the remaining present value of future cash flow of a hotel at different point of time in its life cycle. We further assume that when the hotel is sold, the selling price is set so that present value of future cash flow equals the 10% margin. We assume $50 revenue per room night of a typical 150-room hotel, and one year has 360 days. Sales level for each year in the life cycle connects to the occupancy rate. From the graph of Exhibit 9, we get different occupancy rate for the whole life cycle. It reaches the peak 100% at year 8, and after year 10, it declines almost linearly to 10% in year 30. We can see that if Marriot sells the hotel before opening, the selling price would be $1. 63 million at time 0. After the peak, let’s say, year 9, the selling price would be $ 1. 55 million at time 9. We can also see that in fact the max value of PV is at year 4, which has $2. 85 million in PV at 15% margin. Marriot would free up more capital if it sells the hotel before opening, but instead it would lose more operating profit. If Marriot is in short of capital, it could sell the hotel up-front so that the freed up capital can be invested in other profitable projects. Selling after the peak is a good choice if Marriot wants to enjoy the increasing operating profit before the peak. Shareholder value can be added if the return on freed-up capital exceeds the profit loss from selling the property. Recommendation Based on our analysis, we would recommend the company to investing in their core business to fully use their debt capacity. Since Marriott’s debt capacity is only able to repurchase 10. 6 million shares at a price significantly lower its current trading price (according to Exhibit 12). It is unlikely the repurchase strategy would take place as expected. The negative impact of false interpretation that the Marriott has reached its growth limit may not be offset even if the repurchase take place. To decide whether to invest in core business or diversify by acquisition we take a look of the hotel’s current state. The company now is operating in four main sectors, hotel group, contract food service, restaurant group theme parks and cruise ships other. Based on exhibit 3, all of MC’s sectors are doing well in the past few periods; Hotel group is still the main profit sector account for 51% of the total operating profit and 16. % of the gross margin. Theme park and restaurant sectors have contributed a lot to total revenue but at the same time involve more risk. The asset associated with that new business couldn’t be mortgaged easily. Marriott’s theme park alone was estimated to cost 80 million but double of the estimation eventually, the investment made MC to lower its debt credit level. If we use the extra de bt capacity on acquisition of new business, there could be a higher risk of availability and cost of long-term debt financing, which may cause MC to lower its debt credit even lower and increase its defalt risk. As a company mostly processioned in hotel management, invest in new businesses that required new management style also increases MC’s operating risk. Marriott’s hotel business has positioned itself to operate for customers whose travel plans were less subject to change than those of vacationers. Its historical operation has showed steady healthy growth even in recessions. Most of the sector’s assets are real estates and tends to appreciate over time rather than depreciate, it is easy to issue debt secured by hotel assets. Prevailing trends also indicate sighs of need of rapid room expansion. As MC’s major competitors Hilton and Holiday Inn are shifting their core business to a more diversified market, keep focus on core hotel business enable MC to maintain its own competitive advantage in operation. Overall we would suggest MC to use its excess debt capacity to invest in existing hotel with some clientele base but lower entry cost where the Marriott‘s acquisition can significantly improve the operation. To invest in such assets, there is low research and construction cost but easy to manage with sustainable growth. We believe that the best investment for corporation would be investing in the existing business. The hotel business was the most promising area for Marriott’s Corporation. When MC’s competitors expand their business into gambling and casino ventures, MC was more likely to expand in the traditional market. To invest in the hotel business, a large amount of external financing is needed. A large amount of Marriott hotels were managed rather than owned by the MC. Despite the MC could limited capital investment by holding the equity up to 50% so that they could increase the opportunity to be awarded the management contract, they might still need to cost a lot in investing more hotels. MC could also choose to expand their existing hotels. Those hotels have higher occupancy rate and higher local demand. Doing this expansion will need full capital investment in property. With high growth rate of hotel rooms, this investment seems valuable. However, this way of investment still needs large amount of external financing to support the expanding. Even though MC’s new hotels are profitable in the end, the cost of developing hotels is still required a big financing. In addition, due to the increasing inflation rate, the cost of equity and the cost of debt increased. Therefore, as inflation rate becomes higher, the unused debt capacity becomes less in the future. How to cite Investment and Debt Capacity, Essay examples

Software Project Management Opinion Writing

Question: Write the opinion either supporting or opposing the author and add the references? Answer: According to the topic cited by Bourque and Fairley (2014), it is the prime responsibility of the software engineers to develop an acceptable equilibrium within the different aspects of the direct and the indirect stakeholders. This is fully acceptable. The main reason behind this acceptance is to become a software engineer it is very much necessary to have a very strong analytical skills. Every organization develops their internal or external operating software according to their own business needs. However, it has been seen that sometimes that only focusing on the business needs has created a major problem in the middle of the software development. The main reason behind this is that only focusing upon the business need overlooks the basic minimum needs of the other direct and indirect stakeholders (Hsieh and Pan, 2014). Therefore, while developing software it is the role of a software engineer to identify and analyze the key stake of the different stakeholders. According to the book, there are five key stakeholders remains within a software development cycle. Those five are: regulators, customers, users, market analysts and the software engineers (Bourque and Fairley, 2014). However, software engineers are those persons who actually develop the software. Therefore, while doing the software requirement analysis and developing the prototype of the software, it is sole responsibility of the software engineers to identify and analyze the stakeholders and their respective influences on the system (Saranya, 2014). According to Schmidt (2013) as the software engineers have to done the entire coding and the maintenance of the data processing, it is their responsibility to maintain the interests of the different stakeholders. However, it has been observed that over the times the requirements of the stakeholders especially the users and the customers frequently changes their likings and demands. Therefore, every time it is not possible for the software engineers to satisfy all the demands of every stakeholder. However, according to Shah and Patel (2014) it is very much required to reach the basic requirements of every stakeholder so that the entire data processing mechanism reaches the required standard. According to Patil and Ade (2014) the flow of data within a system is very much dependent upon multiple sources and majorly the members of the sources are the main stakeholders of the software. Moreover, every stakeholder maintains a basic format of standardization that is directed by the corresponding regulators. Therefore, while developing the basic requirements of any software the associated software engineers should identify and analyze the stake of the stakeholders. The main reason behind this logic is that through identifying and analyzing the minimum basic requirements of the related stakeholders the software (Dittrich, 2014). This will help the software engineers to develop a system that can satisfy the requirements of the stakeholders through reaching a acceptable point of standardization. References Bourque, P. and Fairley, R. (2014). SWEBOK V3.0- Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge. 3rd ed. IEEE Computer Scoiety. Dittrich, Y. (2014). Software engineering beyond the project Sustaining software ecosystems. Information and Software Technology, 56(11), pp.1436-1456. Hsieh, Y. and Pan, M. (2014). ESFM: An Essential Software Framework for Meshfree Methods. Advances in Engineering Software, 76, pp.133-147. Patil, S. and Ade, R. (2014). Software Requirement Engineering Risk Prediction Model. International Journal of Computer Applications, 102(2), pp.1-6. Saranya, R. (2014). Survey on Security Measures of Software Requirement Engineering. International Journal of Computer Applications, 90(17), pp.12-19. Schmidt, R. (2013). Software engineering. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, an imprint of Elsevier. Shah, T. and V Patel, S. (2014). A Review of Requirement Engineering Issues and Challenges in Various Software Development Methods. International Journal of Computer Applications, 99(15), pp.36-45.